高考英語(yǔ)詞匯辨析(1)

1. allow.
allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事.= allow doing但不能allow to do sth.
1. You shouldn’t allow          games near the classroom for it’s too noisy.
A. student playing    B. to play         C. students to play   D. to playing
解：C.
2. stand.
stand for贊成；stand by支持；stand against反對(duì)；stand up起立；stand by旁觀，stand by sb.支持某人.
1. They will          you even though you don’t succeed.
A. stand for     B. stand up      C. stand against    D. stand by
2. When the house was on fire，they just          .
A. stood in        B. stood up        C. stood for          D. stood by
3. A space voyage requires that all equipment should           extreme heat and powerful radiation.
A. stand up to      B. stand by       C. stand up for        D. stand for
1-3解：DDA.
3. be up to勝任.
1. – Do you know what the children are         ?
   - Sorry , I don’t know , but if you like, you can         it.
A. up for, see with     B. up to, see to    C. up at, see off      D. up with, see to
解：B.
4. lay the foundation of表示“奠定…的基礎(chǔ)”.
1. The two leaders have          the foundations of a new era in cooperation between their countries.
A. laid      B. lied        C. lain        D. set
解：A.
5. wait for（等候，等待）；wait on （伺候，接待）.
1. She entered the big shop and looked around for a salesman            .
A. to wait for her     B. waiting for her   C. to wait on her        D. waiting on her                      
解：C 詞語(yǔ)辨析與不定式問(wèn)題.思路：①辨析：wait for（等候，等待）；wait on （伺候；接待），后者符合題意，②根據(jù)題意，“她環(huán)顧四周”的目的是想“找一個(gè)售貨員來(lái)接待她”，因而須用一個(gè)不定式來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ).
6. pretend接不定式進(jìn)行時(shí)表示假裝在做…
1. The boy pretended       when his mother entered.
A. reading        B. to read         C. to be reading     D. being read
解：選C. pretend接不定式進(jìn)行時(shí)表示假裝在做…，pretend只能接不定式.
7. cheat.
1. The young man has cheated the old lady          
A. 300 yuan        B. at 300 yuan       C. for 300 yuan      D. of 300 yuan 
解：D 動(dòng)詞搭配問(wèn)題.說(shuō)明：cheat sb. (out) of sth. 騙取某人的某物. 有類似搭配的還有：rob sb. of sth.搶奪某人的某物. 如：The war robbed him of his wife and children. （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)奪去了他的妻子兒女）
8. by and by =soon.
1. The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back            .
A. by and by       B. one by one     C. after a while    D. long before
解：A. 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)問(wèn)題.本題句意為：那年輕婦女在英國(guó)留學(xué)已兩年，她不久就要回國(guó)了.辨析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，by and by =soon, before long（不久以后），正符合題意.其余三個(gè)是；one by one（一個(gè)接一個(gè)地），after a while（過(guò)了一會(huì)兒）和long before（很久以前），都不合題意.
9. little money；small money/ change.
1. I’m sorry , I don’t have        money on         .
A. little; me       B. little; myself    C. small; me    D. small; myself  
解：C詞語(yǔ)辨析問(wèn)題.辨析：①little money（幾乎沒(méi)有什么錢），（small money/ change零錢）；②have sth. on/about/with sb. 表示“（身上帶）有”，其中sb.只能用人稱代詞的賓格（見(jiàn)本題）.又如：I’m sorry I’ve no money with me.
10. sleep（睡覺(jué)），sleep late（起床晚，睡懶覺(jué)），go to sleep = fall asleep（入睡），go to bed（上床，去睡覺(jué)）.
1.The boy was so excited in bed that he         at about 11 pm last night.
A. slept       B. slept late      C. went to sleep     D. went to bed  
解：C 詞語(yǔ)辨析問(wèn)題.本題句意為：那男孩躺在床上，十分激動(dòng)，以致大約晚11點(diǎn)左右才入睡.辨析：sleep（睡覺(jué)），sleep late（起床晚，睡懶覺(jué)），go to sleep = fall asleep（入睡），go to bed（上床，去睡覺(jué)）.
11 get/receive a letter in reply（見(jiàn)本題）；get/receive a reply to one’s letter; get/ receive an answer to one’s letter收到回信.
1. – Have you received my            ?
– Yes, It reached me only two days ago.
A. answer letter      B. answering letter   C. reply letter   D. letter in reply
解：D 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)問(wèn)題.說(shuō)明：“收到回信”可用下列方式表達(dá)：get/receive a letter in reply（見(jiàn)本題）；get/receive a reply to one’s letter; get/ receive an answer to one’s letter等.對(duì)策：遇到此類問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意中英兩種語(yǔ)言各自獨(dú)有的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，切忌“生搬硬套”的Chinese English.
12. turn.
turn in = hand in；turn out 翻出來(lái)，原來(lái)是；by turns人輪流做；in turns排隊(duì)，輪流；turn up出現(xiàn)；turn down拒絕；turn off 關(guān)掉，轉(zhuǎn)換車道.
1. I have        my dictionary because there are too many new words in this article.
A. turned         B. to turn         C. turn to         D. to turn to
解：D 動(dòng)詞搭配問(wèn)題.思路：①根據(jù)上下文，考查點(diǎn)的空白處應(yīng)填入“查閱 (turn to); ②由于句中的謂誤動(dòng)詞是have , turn to又不可能作 have的并列謂語(yǔ)，因而必須用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 to turn to.注意：其中第一個(gè) to是不定式符號(hào)，而第二個(gè)to是介詞.
2. That’s he bell. Please       your test papers         .
A. turn in；in turn      B. turn on；in turns    C. turn in；by turn    D. turn on；by turns
解：選A. turn in = hand in，in turn輪流.
3. The police told the suspected thief to         his pocket.
A. turn up       B. turn in       C. turn out       D. turn down
4. The manager        his request for a day off.
A. turned off     B. turned down     C. turned away      D. turned out
5. Don’t let yourself be        by people who try to sell thing at the door.
A. turned down    B. turned off       C. taken in          D. taken to
6. There were six of us in the boat， so we rowed        .
A. by turn        B. in turn          C. by turn          D. in turn
7. I want John to       two essays every week.
A. turn out        B. turn up        C. turn in          D. turn for
8. We       the motorway at exit2.
A. turn for        B. turn on         C. turn off         D. turn to
3-8解：選CBCCCC.
13.wide.
widely（副詞）意為：“廣泛的”，表抽象概念，而wide作副詞表具體概念，此處意為“大大的”.
[注意] wide也可作adj.
1. He’d like to sleep with the window        at night.
A. open wide      B. open widely     C. wide open      D. opened wide
解：選C. 本句中形容詞作介詞with 的賓補(bǔ)，widely（副詞）意為：“廣泛的”，表抽象概念，而wide作副詞表具體概念，此處意為“大大的”. 而open為adj.，故用adv.→adj.
14. pay back報(bào)復(fù)，償還；pay off還清；pay for支付…的費(fèi)用；pay out付出巨款.
1. The teacher’s efforts         when one of his students was admitted to Beijing University last summer.
A. paid back      B. paid off        C. paid for       D. paid out
解：選B. pay back報(bào)復(fù)，償還；pay off還清；pay for支付…的費(fèi)用；pay out付出巨款.
2. Can you lend me ＄100? And I’ll          on Friday.
A. pay for you     B. pay off you     C. pay you back    D. pay you out
解：選C. pay for 后接“所購(gòu)之物”，意為“支付”；pay off 后常接debts ，意為“嘗清（債務(wù)）”，后接某人時(shí)，意為“發(fā)清工資解雇（某人）”；pay back 意為“償還”；pay out 意為“支付；還債”.
15. gain one day快一天.
1. As we all know， if we are flying to New York from Beijing，we will       one day.
A. miss         B. win       C. gain         D. lose
解：選C. gain one day快一天.
16. end.
end up with 以…結(jié)束；end up in failure或victory或successful.
1. The man whom I think to be a black sheep in our village will          the imprisonment.
A. end up with       B. be ended up with      C. end up in      D. be ended up in
解：選A.
17. be worried about，be concerned for.
1. The child’s mother was very       for his safety when he didn’t come back from school at the usual time.
A. afraid        B. worried      C. concerned        D. careful
解：選C. be worried about = be concerned for 表示“關(guān)心”.
18. heart and soul 意為“全心全意”.
1. As far as I know，his father always devotes himself heart and         to his scientific research.
A. head       B. soul        C. foot         D. mind
解：選B. heart and soul 意為“全心全意”.
19. distance.
1. The picture looks more beautiful          .
A. at distance   B. at a distance   C. in distance     D. in the distance
解：選B. at a distance表示“在稍遠(yuǎn)處”.
20. before.
⑴before表示“在……的前面”，等于in front of，二者常可通用. 如：He sat before me. = He sat in front of me. 他坐在我前面.
⑵ before表示“直到……”，before，until兩者可以互換的情況：
①如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞，只能用它們的否定式.這類動(dòng)詞有：open， start， leave，arrive，finish，stop，tell 等. 如：I didn’t leave the poor child until / be fore his mother came back./ Don’t open the door until / be fore the train stops.
②當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用其肯定式.這類動(dòng)詞有：stand，stay，wait，be，talk等. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái). 如：I will wait until / before he comes to my help ./ I shall stay here until / before you come back.
③在肯定句中，當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用before. 如：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
④當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，只能用before. 如：It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.
⑶當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)不及發(fā)生時(shí)，一般也只用before，常譯為“不等……就”.如：Before I could get in a word he had measured me. / He went out before the meeting started .
⑷①before long的意思是“不久以后”其句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài). 如：I hope to see you before long 希望不久以后能見(jiàn)到你.
②long before 的意思是“好久以前”其句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或完成時(shí)態(tài). 如：That happened long before .（= It was long before that happened ）那是很久以前發(fā)生的事.
⑸It wasn’t long before …是個(gè)常用句型，意為“不久”.如：It was not long before we got there. 不久，我們到達(dá)那兒.
1. It was evening       we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that         B. until         C. since        D. before
解：選D.
2. It       five years before we        again，let’s keep in touch by writing letters.
A. will be；meet     B. is；meet       C. will be；will meet     D. was；met with 
解：選A.
3.          will be years          we meet again.
A. There；since       B. There；after       C. It；that       D. It；before
解：選D. before在時(shí)間上可表某時(shí)間之前也可表某時(shí)間之后.