虛擬語氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。它是中學(xué)英語課本中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種語言現(xiàn)象，但對中國學(xué)生來說，卻是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。筆者根據(jù)自己的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，對高中階段常見的各種虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用情況作了一個(gè)大致的小結(jié)，并分別舉例說明。
        1. 表示假設(shè)(If)
        eg. If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 
        如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。
        If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. 
        如果我昨天來這，我就已經(jīng)見到他了。
        2. 表示祝愿（常用“May+動(dòng)詞原形”）
        eg. May good luck be yours!  祝你好運(yùn)！
        May you be happy!      祝你快樂！
        3. I wish + (that)  賓語從句
        If only 要是……該有多好
        eg. I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只小鳥。
        He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance.
        他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會。
        If only I could pass the examination.
        要是我能通過考試該有多好。
        If only we had 1,000,000 dollar!
        要是我們有100萬美元該有多好!
        4. but for, without, otherwise等
        eg. But for your help, I would have failed.
        要不是你的幫助，我已經(jīng)失敗了。
        Without air, nothing could live.
        要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。
        He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 
        他刻苦工作，不然他就失敗了。
        5. 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist；兩個(gè)命令order，command；三個(gè)建議suggest，advise，propose；四個(gè)要求demand，require，request，ask。
        (1)動(dòng)詞 + (that) 賓語從句
        eg. He demands that this (should) be done at once. 他命令要馬上做這件事情。
        I suggest that the job (should) be finished next week. 我建議下周完成這項(xiàng)工作。
        注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持說、認(rèn)為”，suggest表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣而用陳述語氣。
        eg. The look on his face suggested that he was satisfied with what I had done for him.他臉上的表情表明他對我為他所做的事情感到滿意。
        He insisted that he was honest.  他堅(jiān)持說他是誠實(shí)的。
        (2)在上述動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞，如 order，command，suggestion, advice, proposal, requirement等后接that表語從句、同位語從句中。
        eg. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.
        我的建議是我們立刻去那兒。
        It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.
        我提議派他去國外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。
        (3)It’s+上述動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+ that ．．．（should）．．．
        eg. It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建議會議應(yīng)該被推遲。
        It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.要求所有人不要在此抽煙。
        6. It is (about,high) time that ... sb did sth或sb should do sth （注意should不能省略）
        eg. It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 現(xiàn)在正是我回家的時(shí)間了。
        7. as if/as though
        eg. It looks as if it were going to rain.（虛擬）天看上去好像要下雨。（事實(shí)上不下雨）
        It looks as if it is going to rain.（陳述）天看上去好像要下雨。（確實(shí)快下雨了）
        8. would rather＋從句
        eg. I would rather you went there instead of me.
            我情愿你代我去那兒。
           — Would you mind my smoking here?
           — I’d rather you didn’t.
           — 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎？
           — 我情愿你不要。
        9. 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done，表示“本……”
        如：should/ought to/could/might等＋have done
        eg. You should have arrived here earlier. 你本該早點(diǎn)到這來。（事實(shí)上來晚了）
         I could have worked out the problem.我本能夠解決這個(gè)問題的。（事實(shí)上沒解決）
        10. It’s +形容詞或名詞+ that．．．（should）．．．
        用于該句型的形容詞常見的有：necessary, impor-tant, natural, strange, surprising等；常見的名詞如：a pity，no wonder等。
        eg. It is important that you (should) learn English well. 對你來說，學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。
        It is quite natural that he (should) think so. 他這樣想也是很自然的。 
        It is strange that so wise a man (should) make such silly mistakes. 
        真是奇怪，如此聰明之人竟會犯如此愚蠢之錯(cuò)誤。